The Purple Team Journey: My Cybersecurity Chronicles.

 UDP: User Datagram Protocol. UDP is a stateless protocol that does not require a constant connection between the two devices for data to be sent. UDP is used in applications that can tolerate data being lost, or in an unstable connections is not the end-all. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Advantages of UDP:  1. UDP is much faster than TCP. 2. UDP leaves the application to decide if there is any control over how quickly packets are sent.  3. UDP does not reserve a continuous connection on a device as TCP does. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Disadvantages of UDP  1. UDP does not care if the data received or not.  2. It is quite flexible to software developers in this sense. 3. This means that unstable connections result in a terrible experience for the user. --------------------------------------------

Transfer Control Protocol (TCP) is a connection-oriented protocol requiring a TCP three-way-handshake to establish a connection. TCP provides reliable data transfer, flow control and congestion control. Higher-level protocols such as HTTP, POP3, IMAP and SMTP use TCP ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The TCP/IP protocol consists of four layers and is arguably just a summarized version of the OSI model. These layers are: - Application - Transport - Internet - Network Interface Information is added to each layer of the TCP model as the piece of data  traverses it (encapsulation / decapsulation) TCP must establish a connection between both a client and a device acting as a server before data is sent. This process is named the Three-way handshake. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TCP packets contain various se

Ports 101: Practical. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) 21 This protocol is used by a file-sharing application built on a client-server model, meaning you can download files from a central location. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Secure Shell (SSH) 22 This protocol is used to securely login to systems via a text-based interface for management.    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) 80 This protocol powers the World Wide Web (WWW)! Your browser uses this to download text, images and videos of web pages. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) 443 This protocol does the exact same as above; however, securely using encryption. -------

Layer 1 - Physical This Physical Layer is one of the easiest layers to grasp. This layer references the physical components of the hardware used in networking and is the lowest layer. Devices use electrical signals to transfer data between each other in a binary numbering 1s and 0s.  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Layer 2 - Data Link The data link layer focuses on the physical addressing of the transmission.  It receives a packet from the network layer and adds in the physical MAC address of the receiving endpoint. MAC: Media Access Control. NIC: Network Interface Card.  NIC comes with a unique MAC address to identify it. MAC addresses can be spoofed.  The job of the data link layer to present the data in a format suitable for transmission. The physical address is used on this layer to identify where exactly to send the information. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------